Coventry Cathedral’s Broken Angel art project

The ‘Broken Angel’ art project at Coventry Cathedral invites artists to create new art in response to damage to one of John Hutton’s West Screen etched angels. Glass artist Anne Petters is the first designer to show her new work in the space. Here she explains her inspiration and the development of her installation artworks.

In December 2020 the independent curator Michael Tooby invited me to develop work for the new ‘Broken Angel’ project at Coventry Cathedral.

The Broken Angel project was set up in response to the violent destruction of the ‘Angel of the Eternal Gospel‘ window at the Cathedral, during a break-in in January 2020. This window was one of the remarkable engraved angels and saints in the Cathedral’s West Screen, which was designed by renowned glass artist John Hutton.

The Cathedral’s decision not to replace the panel, but to make room for new conversation and contemporary artists, follows its ethos of finding hope in the new. This resonates its fundamental belief in forgiveness. The people who destroyed the screen have never been found.

The previous Coventry Cathedral building was destroyed by German incendiary bombs during the Second World War in 1940. At this time, the decision was taken to build a new cathedral and preserve the remains of the old one as a reminder of the waste of war. Several up-and-coming artists were involved in designing different artworks for the new Cathedral, which was opened in 1962.

The West Screen’s original engravings were created over the period of a decade by John Hutton, who invented an entirely new glass-engraving technique in the process. Commissioned by the Cathedral’s architect, Sir Basil Spence, the panels were set in the 21.5m x 18.85m screen according to a design by structural engineer, Ove Arup. The work’s importance to Hutton is shown by the fact that, when he died in 1978, he requested that his ashes be buried at the foot of the window, beneath the ‘Angel of the Eternal Gospel’.

West Screen at Coventry Cathedral.
The West Screen features etched saints and angels. photo courtesy Coventry Cathedral.

The West Screen is one of the many masterpieces created for the new Cathedral, which include works by John Piper, Graham Sutherland, Jacob Esptein, Lawrence Lee, Geoffrey Clark and Hans Coper. The Cathedral will celebrate the 60th anniversary of its consecration in January 2022.

I remember standing in front of the cathedral’s West Screen for the first time in 2016, overwhelmed by Hutton’s unique and dynamic way of cutting into glass. Having worked with glass for 15 years at the time, my emotional reaction was quite intense. I could hear the sound of grinding into glass and sense the physical effort that would go into an artwork like this. For me, the massive West Screen is not only overwhelming in its beauty, but it also feels dangerous, almost threatening, and fragile at the same time – an attribute always inherent in the material glass. It is beautiful and fragile, and it can cut you deeply when it breaks.

When we met to discuss my work, Coventry Cathedral’s Dean, John Witcombe, mentioned the sound the panel had made when it smashed, resonating in the big, quiet space of the cathedral.

I am originally from Dresden, which is coincidental and not the reason why Michael Tooby asked me to work on this piece. However, this fact pulls me into the project even more emotionally, with a deep connection to the cathedral’s history and the relationship between Coventry and Dresden as twin cities that were devastated during World War II.

The new Coventry Cathedral, St Michael’s, symbolises a new beginning, hope and reconciliation. It embraces the new, but always with a reflection and cherishing of the old, just as the remains of the old cathedral reflect on John Hutton’s West Screen, where one sees oneself between the two.

Coventry Cathedral West Screen
The view through the West Screen from within the new cathedral. Beyond you can see the remains of the previous cathedral, which was bombed during the Second World War. The West Screen forms a link between the two. Coventry is twinned with Kiel in Germany and the candle holder in the foreground was a gift from that city. Photo courtesy of Coventry Cathedral.

I made two works for this exhibition, which opened on 6 November 2021: ‘Lichtung – Break‘ and ‘Lichtung – White Drift’.

Glass Shard by Anne Petters
Anne Petters created detailed wings from glass shards for the project. Photo: Anne Petters.

‘Lichtung – Break’ is a projection installation, which responds directly to the destruction of the glass and the cathedral’s idea of hope and reconciliation. It follows the concept of my previous works, like ‘Reflection on Reflection’, ‘Lunula’ and ‘(1ALL)’, where I used real-time projection.

The projection 1ALL
In the projection piece ‘(1ALL)’ dust appears as shooting stars. Photo: Anne Petters.

Each projection features a beautiful, cosmic phenomenon that is based on something small and seemingly insignificant, but which resembles a memory or moment of beauty we can all relate to. In ‘(1All)’ this is dust appearing as shooting stars, in ‘Lunula’ it is a fingernail becoming the moon and, in ‘Reflection on Reflection’, a small piece of gilded glass turns into a golden sunset.

‘Reflection on Reflection’ projection installation. Photo: Anne Petters.

This body of work is a metaphor for unity and the importance of the overlooked in a universal context, plus appreciation for all existing things and beings. I aim to offer a new perspective on familiar things to create curiosity, awareness and appreciation.

The interactive aspect of these installations is also important to me. Merely by being in the space, visitors become part of the work through the sensitivity to changing light, flying dust, air draft, and movement in space.

Anne Petters setting up her installation at Coventry Cathedral.

I have always been touched by the simple beauty and meaningfulness of broken glass, and use it often in my work.

For the Coventry installation I have staged a broken piece of window glass by magnifying it and projecting it on to the screen where the Angel used to be. This piece is sensitive to light. The image appears and disappears over time, depending on the brightness in this open space.

Anne Petters test sandblast.
A test sandblast of the wing for the projection. Photo: Anne Petters.

I am creating another layer of reflection on the screen and filling the void with new light.

The second work in the exhibition, ‘Lichtung – White Drift’, responds to the book that the Angel of the Eternal Gospel was holding. It follows the themes of previous works that speak about spiritual fleetingness and the desire to freeze moments in time.

‘Lichtung – Break’ and ‘Lichtung – White Drift’ are showing until 1 February 2022. Then my work will be replaced by work by the next commissioned artist in the ‘Broken Angel’ project.

It is a big honour and joy for me to work on such an important project and I would like to thank Dean John Witcombe for his engagement and passion, and curator Michael Tooby for inviting me, and for being such a backbone and inspiration. A big thank you, also, to the tireless team at Coventry Cathedral.

About the artist
Anne Petters is a multimedia artist with a background in glass art and design. In 2009 she received a Diploma in Fine Arts/Glass at the Institute of Ceramic and Glass Art in Germany and in 2011 the Master of Fine Arts in Sculpture/Dimensional Studies at Alfred University, New York.

Her work is exhibited in glass museums and art institutions in Europe and the USA. She has developed a specific glass kiln forming technique and teaches internationally.

Find out more on her website.

More information on the exhibition:
‘Broken Angel’ is a sequence of new, site-specific works temporarily replacing the ‘Angel of the Eternal Gospel’ window at Coventry Cathedral. Check out dates and times when you can view Anne Petters’ artworks, ‘Lichtung – Break’ and ‘Lichtung – White Drift’, on the Cathedral’s website.

Address: Coventry Cathedral, 1 Hill Top, Coventry CV1 5AB, UK.

Main feature image: ‘Lichtung – Break’ features a projection of delicate glass wings. Photo: Anne Petters.

Isle of Wight celebrates glass with Bamforth brothers event

Visitors to the Isle of Wight this November will be able to see two master glassmakers demonstrating the art of glassmaking. This is the first in a series of events run by the Isle of Wight Glass Museum.

On Sunday 21 November 2021, master glass craftsmen, brothers Ian and Vic Bamforth, will be taking part in ‘Inspired by Life’s Experience: Storytelling in Glass’. These internationally-renowned glass artists will travel from their base in Stourbridge to show off their skills at the famous Isle of Wight Studio Glass, run by Timothy Harris.

Museum Director Anton Doroszenko commented, “We’re delighted that they’ll be launching our events programme with this unique collaboration.”

The event will be an introduction to, and demonstration of, the art of glassmaking. Coffee and pastries will be served from 10.30am, and the event itself will start at 11.00am. The demo will be followed by a Q&A session. Guests will then be treated to a private viewing of selected artworks, plus a guided tour of the museum by the Director. There will also be an opportunity to speak directly with the experts.

“Each artist has his own distinctive style,” said Sue Beeby, the museum’s Development Manager. “Having been privileged to observe them all at work, I know that our guests will be in awe of their creativity and skill.”

Tickets are £15.00 and are on sale in the museum office, or online at www.isleofwightglassmuseum.org.uk.

The Isle of Wight Glass Museum, located with Isle of Wight Studio Glass at Arreton Barns Craft Village, celebrates the design and craftsmanship of glass makers based on the island, as well as those connected to the island, past and present. There are over 1,200 pieces on show, including many unique and never-before-seen objects, in two galleries.

Forthcoming events are planned for Valentine’s weekend 2022 (showcasing the next generation of talent), and the long weekend of the Queen’s Jubilee in May 2022 (another master craftsmen collaboration).

Location: Arreton Barns Craft Village, Main Road, Arreton, Isle of Wight, PO30 3AA.

Image: A piece from the Museum’s collection made by Ian Bamforth. The vase is made in four parts, which are fused together (the incalmo technique). It is a difficult process to line up all the parts exactly.

Where to start with waterjet technology in contemporary glass design

Vanessa Cutler has been working with waterjet technology in her glass design since the 1990s, prompted by a pre-internet search for an engineering company willing to cut some glass. Since then, she has consulted with businesses, artists and students to help them use waterjet technology successfully. Here, she explains what it is and how glass artists can harness its capabilities to get the best results.

Waterjet technology offers endless possibilities to artists, not only from an artistic, but also from an economic, standpoint. It enables the cutting of complex forms, cuts thicknesses from 1mm to 300mm and can be quicker and more efficient than having someone cut the material by hand. It also minimises waste and many larger studios and individuals use it for this reason.

The cost of cutting may seem high, but, for multiples, exactness of form and cutting thicker glass, it is a good process and cost effective.

This sort of glass cutting and precision would be impossible by hand. Waterjet technology enables glass artists to push the boundaries with their designs.

So what is waterjet technology?

Waterjet technology uses water under high pressure (around 50-60,000psi), which is pushed through a focusing tube and mixed with an abrasive (usually garnet) to create a jet. This jet is powerful enough to cut materials such as glass, steel and stone. Pure waterjet, that uses water alone, is used to cut softer items, such as paper or food. The jet washers used to clean pavements and cars are a basic example of how waterjet technology operates.

Designing for waterjet technology – where do you start?

Before you use waterjet technology to create your glass art, you need to produce your design in a format compatible with the waterjet machine. For this you will need to produce a Computer-Aided Design (CAD) file. These can be made in graphic design software, such as Adobe Illustrator (Creative suite), Rhino, or AutoCAD.

Draw an outline of the shape required and ‘save’ or ‘export’, depending on the software used, as a DXF (Drawing Exchange Format) file. A DXF file is a universal format for storing CAD models. A vector file is used for flatter cuts in 2D. It changes your drawing into a series of lines/code that the waterjet machine can read to plot the cutting route.

This design was created using SolidWorks software.

It is important that your drawing has a simple outline. A frequent mistake artists make is providing files that are filled in inside the drawing outline. This means that the programmer will either be unable to read the files, or they may be too messy to use. The cleaner the drawing, the less time the programmer needs to work on it.

If you need multiples cut, just give the programmer one drawing and the quantity required. They will ‘nest’ the drawing to fit onto the sheet of glass that you, or they, supply. Nesting is where many different parts are fitted into a sheet in an optimal configuration to avoid wastage.

If you need a piece of glass with a shape cut out, provide enough glass to cut the internal shape out with a margin. You only need to allow about 10mm extra in this case, but it makes set-up and programming much easier. It takes more time to line up and centre a single piece of glass.

What sorts of glass can you use with waterjet technology? You can use any glass, from 3mm stained glass sheets up to 20mm float glass – and even thicker.

Although I have used these machines for many years, I still find new approaches to working with them. The different ways people work the material offers something new to learn, whether for set-up, holding delicate pieces in place, or removing glass after cutting. Like any process, the more time you spend using the technology, the more you adapt and understand the best ways of using it.

During my practical PhD at Sunderland University, I saw the first waterjet machine set up in a glass environment. I had three days’ training and was then handed the keys. That’s where my training started. I learnt by cutting glass – and a variety of different materials – for others. This approach continued when I moved to Swansea, where I cut, and helped others apply the technology.

For the past five years I have not had immediate access to a machine and now work directly with industry. Once every 4-6 weeks I travel 4-5 hours to a company to cut work. All the computer file work is done prior to my visit. Where possible, I try to get the glass there ahead of time, as sometimes they can fit creation of small files around other commitments.

Allow time

It is important to understand that the work may not be cut on the day you send a file. Programming, setting up and the time needed for cutting work vary, depending on the thickness and complexity of the form. You may be expected to leave the glass and wait for them to contact you when it is done. Turnaround time can be from 7-21 days.

Your design file will be programmed into the waterjet machine so it can set up the cutting route.

The waterjet firm may look at the file programme, give you a cost and await your approval before cutting, then invoice afterwards.

Some waterjet companies you approach may not have worked with glass before. This was the case with a company I encountered when on a Wheaton Arts residency in the USA. However, that local company was willing to give it a try. I left the glass with them and collected it later in the week. Over those few days, they had played with some material and even cut their own logo for themselves. Since then, other glass artists have used their services. Therefore, if you try companies out, whether on residency or at home, you may find you are helping not only yourself but the company, too.

Providing clean, clear files and drawings is always important. The software I use is SolidWorks. This is very engineer-orientated, expensive, and not necessarily for an arts mindset. I use it for my other role delivering product design engineering at Chichester University. However, there are software options that are cheaper and, in some cases, free, especially if you only want to make the occasional file.

Other artists I know use Rhino, Fusion 360, or Adobe Creative Suite (with Illustrator generating the DXF or, with AutoCAD, DWG files). Note that when generating your file, in some software you don’t ‘save’ the file as a vector file, but ‘export’ it.

When choosing which software to use, there is no easy option. Any software takes time to learn and you’ll find ways of working and shortcuts that suit you. Nobody ever uses everything their software can do.

Each size of these multiples was made using a separate programme.

When designing for general cutting of flat, slightly uneven, or fused glass, keep it clean, with few segments. The form needs to be closed, with no extra lines or overlaps. Tiny curves and angles can be lost in cutting, so make the shape really defined. Glass thickness is not an issue, but it will take longer and use more garnet.

A poorly prepared file could cost you more, as the company must clean and tidy it before they can nest into the machine. The cost of software such as Adobe Creative Suite can be around £15 a month, while the cost of accessing a machine can be anything from £60-£150 an hour. Therefore, it is always best to send a file and get a cost for what you want done.

Maximise your use of the glass sheet. You can place shapes 1mm-5mm away from one another without it fracturing (depending on how well annealed your glass is). Also remember that there is a programme and set-up cost, whether you cut one piece or multiples.

Cutting axes

The software enables the generation of forms for both 3- and 5-axis cutting. The 3-axis is used for cutting out a flat shape via X (left/right) and Y (back/forth) coordinates, with the Z (up/down) axis generally at a fixed height about 2-3mm from the highest point of the glass, to stop any collision with the material and to maintain a continuous cutting line. Generally, the height of the head does not move to fit the contours of the material. The quality of cut can be affected by the distance of the head of the jet from the material. The closer it is to the material, the more focused the jet, while further away gives a wider, less focused cut.

Cutting with the 5-axis head allows more flexibility when creating 3D designs.

The 5-axis is used for more 3D work. It allows more movement, with an A axis (angle from perpendicular) and C axis (rotation around the Z axis). However, it must keep at a set distance to stop collisions and to enable more angular cuts. It does not partially cut a surface, like a router. There are ways of doing surface abrasion, but not on large areas. Sandblasting is quicker and more efficient.

The design file you provide gives the company the visuals to programme and visually assess the viability/difficulty of your project.

Should you buy waterjet software?

There is no need to purchase the waterjet software the machines use unless you have a machine, or are using a particular machine regularly. Plus, the machines are all different and run with different software.

Cutting glass on the compact ProtoMAX waterjet machine.

For the past five years I have worked closely with Omax Corporation. I have spent time at their HQ using their Intelli-MAX software to scan the handwriting used in my recent work.

At the 2021 Glass Art Society (GAS) conference I demonstrated the production of a piece of glass on Omax’s compact ProtoMAX waterjet machine, from file, through set-up and cutting. (Contact me if you would like to see it). Whether cutting small or large, the same principles apply; you require the same DXF files to generate your shapes.

However, in the case of artworks such as ‘Flight’ (main image above) and ‘Mechanics’, the cutting was overseen by an operator following my specifications, as they were created using 5-axis technology.

‘Mechanics’ was created using a waterjet machine with 5-axis technology. Photo: Simon Bruntnell.

Not every waterjet company can do 5-axis cutting. The majority normally cut steel and work with only 3-axis technology. They are used to cutting big, large multiple shapes that aren’t fragile and don’t need special handling like glass. They often cut using 6-80 grade garnet that can be very coarse if the feed rate and speed of cutting isn’t programmed to suit the material.

Ideally, glass needs to be cut more slowly, with a sacrificial material underneath it, such as plywood. It is worth noting that some types of plywood generate foam, resulting in a large bubble bath, which is not great when cutting delicate forms.

Examples of waterjet-cut glass, showing fine details.

In my work I vary the thickness of the plywood and the material, depending on what is being cut. Many firms cut under water to reduce the noise levels. However, I prefer not to do this with glass, as smaller, break-out shapes can move and collide with the cutting head, causing blockages, dragging or machine stoppage. Where possible, weigh the glass down. It is best to weight around the material, not on it, because, as you cut, you add further tension to one area, and it may fracture.

For many, accessing a machine may be difficult. However, several organisations provide a waterjet cutting service and offer advice and help, including the National Glass Centre at the University of Sunderland, Plymouth College of Art and the University of Wales Trinity Saint David (UWTSD). In addition, Barclays Community Labs, makers’ guilds, and Fab Labs offer advice and help small businesses, sole traders, or anyone interested, to access the technology or to learn about making the files.

My best advice is to give it a go!

About the author

Vanessa Cutler is a Professor at Chichester University, an artist and a waterjet consultant. She is currently working on new work for a solo show, which will be the inaugural exhibition for the new Stourbridge Glass Museum, opening in April 2022. Her book, ‘New technologies in Glass’, published by Bloomsbury, is available on Amazon. Find out more about Vanessa and her work via her website: https://www.vanessacutler.com

Main feature image: ‘Flight’ (Dimensions 420 x 150 x 150mm), by Vanessa Cutler, shows the intricate features possible with glass that has been cut using waterjet technology. It was selected for the Toyama Glass Exhibition 2021. Photo: Simon Bruntnell.

Design a window to commemorate WWI poet Wilfred Owen

The 2022 Stevens Competition invites early-stage glass artists to design a window for the church at Dunsden, where the war poet Wilfred Owen (1893-1918) lived from 1911 to 1913.

Run by the Worshipful Company of Glaziers and Painters of Glass, the Stevens Competition 2022 will select the up-and-coming Architectural Glass Artist of the Year.

The annual competition, which celebrates its 50th year in 2022, is open to students, assistants or employees of independent glass artists or commercial firms, self employed glass artists and artists from outside the UK, who have commenced their vocation in glass since 2014.

The competition awards a series of cash prizes for design and craftsmanship.

The window design will be installed at All Saints Church at Dunsden, South Oxfordshire and supported by the Dunsden Owen Association (DOA). Wilfred Owen came to the village in 1911 to act as lay assistant to the vicar. The organisation is seeking a striking, contemporary work to commemorate the time that the First World War poet, Wilfred Owen, spent in the village. The DOA states: “We would like the window design to reflect his stay here. Influential aspects include his encounters with local working people and their poverty; the church and its hierarchy; his empathy for the local landscape; and his study of botany at the university.”

A site visit to tour the church is available on 11 November 2021 at 11am, with the option for individual visits on other dates by prior arrangement.

Full details and the Competition Brief are available in the Competitions and Awards section of the Glaziers’ website: http://glazierscompany.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Stevens2022-V6A.pdf

Image: All Saints Church, Dunsden. The window to be replaced with the new design is the third from the left.

International Glass Bead Biennale 2022 – call to artists

Glass bead artists are invited to submit their beads to the first International Glass Bead Biennale. This new event is being held for the first time as part of the International Festival of Glass 2022, alongside the British Glass Biennale.

It is open to artists, designers, craftspeople and students of all nationalities worldwide who create beads with glass as the key design element.

The work must demonstrate the highest level of excellence in design, creative imagination and technical skill.

Submission criteria:

  • Each artist can submit up to three beads for consideration.
  • Each bead must be predominantly made of glass, but can incorporate other materials.
  • The bead must not exceed 6cm in size, but can be mounted, for example as a piece of jewellery.
  • The work must have been made since 1 March 2019.
  • All pieces selected for display must be for sale.

The cost of submission is £10.00 and the deadline for entries is midnight on 27 February 2022.

The Jury for the International Glass Bead Biennale 2022 comprises: Vic Bamforth (glass artist); Barbara Beadman (Hon. Member GBUK; Director of British Glass; Prime Warden, Worshipful Company of Glass Sellers of London), and Pauline Holt (Jazzy Lily Glass, Hon. Member GBUK).

The International Glass Bead Biennale opens on 26 August 2022 and closes on 1 October 2022.

The Private View and Awards Ceremony will be held by invitation on 25 August 2022 at The Glasshouse Arts Centre, Wollaston Road, Amblecote, Stourbridge, West Midlands DY8 4HF, UK.

The online submission form opens in early November 2021 via: www.glassbiennale.org

Image: Detail of glass bead by Kirsten Frantzen Orr (USA). Photo: Mandy Hunter.

CGS and Stourbridge Glass Museum offer contemporary glass commission

The Contemporary Glass Society (CGS) and Stourbridge Glass Museum (SGM) are proud to announce a joint commission for a piece of contemporary glass art to be shown in the new museum’s Reception Area during 2022.

The competition is open to all CGS members (join CGS here) and the winning design will be purchased for SGM’s permanent collection.

The challenge is to create a stunning celebration of glass, one that displays dazzling originality along with a virtuoso use of techniques. The aim is not only to celebrate 25 years of the CGS but also to stop visitors in their tracks with a work that sparkles and delights.  This is your chance to create the piece of contemporary glass artwork you always dreamed of making.

The chosen work will be officially unveiled during the International Festival of Glass in August 2022.

The SGM’s reception area offers a great opportunity to feature a hanging glasswork (see photograph) and the Museum has a winch with up to 200 KG max weight for sculptural glass pieces. However, all other 2D and 3D glass art forms will be considered. Hanging work, wall pieces and plinth-based work are welcome, as long as they meet Health and Safety standards. Please note that hanging works will have to be accompanied by a Health and Safety Risk Assessment and may require Structural Engineer approval. Any costs incurred for this must come from the funding available. Both individual artworks and collaborative proposals are welcome, although group entries would share the payment.

The work can combine different materials or found objects but at least 50% must be glass. It must be resilient to heat and light as it is not possible to control environmental factors at the museum. The winner must deliver it and supervise installation, should that be necessary.

The commission budget of £4,000 (to include the purchase of the work for the SGM) has been jointly funded by the CGS (through donations from Collector Members) and SGM. This money includes the design, construction and delivery of the work to the SGM by 22 August 2022.

The closing date for applications is Monday 15 November 2021 at 5pm (UK time). The panel will comprise CGS board members, museum staff and trustees. A short list of four finalists will be chosen, who must be available to attend an online interview on Monday 6 December 2021.

The winning artist(s) will be informed by 15 December 2021. At this point, 50% of the funding will be released, with the remaining monies paid following delivery and installation of the piece.

Location: Stourbridge Glass Museum, Stuart Works, High Street, Wordsley, Stourbridge, DY8 4FB UK.

Download the application form via this link.

Further information:
CGS: Pam Reekie Email: admin@cgs.org.uk or Tel: 01379 741120
SGM: Oliver Buckley (Museum Director) Email: obuckley@stourbridgeglassmuseum.org.uk

Image: The reception area at Stourbridge Glass Museum, where the new artwork will be located.

‘A is for Affordable Part 2’ – buy glass gifts direct from the makers

Don’t look now but Christmas is on the way and the Contemporary Glass Society (CGS) is offering shoppers the chance to buy beautiful glasswork gifts direct from the makers.

After last year’s successful ‘A is for Affordable’ online event, the CGS is returning with ‘A is for Affordable Part 2’. This is a showcase of reasonably priced glass art that would make perfect presents for you, your friends and loved ones. It takes place between 13 November 2021 and 6 January 2022, so set a reminder now.

CGS members will offer their beautiful glass at affordable prices so you can not only admire, but also purchase, a piece of gorgeousness for yourself, or to give as a gift. All work is priced from £50 to £500.

Simply browse the artworks and confer with the artist(s) of choice to pay and have your gifts sent.

CGS members wishing to show and sell with ‘A is for Affordable’ need to submit their work by 8 November 2021. Simply log in to your profile on the CGS website, click ‘Submit to exhibitions’ and select ‘A for Affordable 2’ from the dropdown exhibition list to upload your image and details. CGS asks only for a small donation from any sales made.

If you are not yet a member of CGS and would like to take part in this selling exhibition, you can join today.

Richard Seager Award glass commission for Bethan Yates

Recent glass graduate Bethan Yates explains how she developed an artwork for the prestigious English National Opera during lockdown.

The Richard Seager award is an annual arts and crafts award set up by Valerie Seager in memory of her husband Richard. The award provides opportunities to emerging artists and designers in the form of a commission. The organisation that receives the commission is usually one which has contributed to society, culture and the environment in a positive way.

In 2020, a few months after graduating from the glass course at Swansea College of Art, I submitted a design to the award brief for that year. I presented my idea to a board of judges, via Zoom, during the first lockdown and was lucky enough to be chosen as the winner.

The commission was to be for the English National Opera (ENO), which was chosen for its outstanding response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The costume department had made scrubs for the NHS, and a wellbeing programme called ENO Breathe was set up for those recovering from the virus.

The commission was to create a piece of art to hang in the Sky Bar at the London Coliseum theatre in Westminster, home to the ENO.

Award founder Valerie Seager, glass artist Bethan Yates, and Chairman of the Board of the English National Opera, Harry Brunjes
Left to right: Award founder Valerie Seager, glass artist Bethan Yates, and Chairman of the Board of the English National Opera, Harry Brunjes, at the unveiling of the winning commission, installed in the London Coliseum. Photo: John Snelling.

One of the enormous privileges of this project for me, was the opportunity to work with the ENO Youth Company. I ran an online ‘mark making to opera’ workshop with them, using the music from three operas which hold particular significance for the ENO – ‘The Mikado’, ‘Peter Grimes’ and ‘Carmen’. The youth members produced drawings and patterns that directly inspired the final piece. In a process of enlarging, repeating and layering, I created an energetic and flowing artwork.

As the youth members are the future of the company, I wanted them represented in the work. I included subtle variations of their mark making through painting and silver stain and incorporated their signatures through sandblasting and etching.

Side view of Bethan Yates' glass commission for ENO
Side view of Bethan’s installation, showing the different angles of the glass to catch the light through the day and at night. Photo: Bethan Yates.

The final piece is made in two layers, which are hung at slightly different angles. It is designed to change throughout the day, with the position of the sun, artificial spotlights at night, or as an individual engages with it in the space.

Marine fixings were used, as a nod to the stage crews of old, who came from ships to man theatre rigging. The yellow stain used on the glass was another important feature, linking this contemporary artwork with the original, silver-stained Edwardian glass found throughout the theatre, which was designed by architect Frank Matcham.

This was my first real commission and I couldn’t have asked for a more challenging, yet rewarding, experience. The awards team were amazing and provided so much support to me throughout the 18 months. We had multiple Zoom meetings to discuss the design and development of my ideas, consider the architecture of the building, and how to work with the client.

The steepest learning curve was the safety aspect of the design, as the piece was to hang on a wall above three connecting staircases, in a listed building! I approached many companies for advice on safety glass, fixtures and fittings, plus how to attach the weight to the wall. We’d learnt a bit about this in university but having to do it in real life, during a pandemic and multiple lockdowns, within budget, was a huge task.

Bethan Yates' glass installation at ENO
The location of the artwork above three staircases necessitated many consultations on safety and materials.

I did learn that the glass community, although quite small in comparison to others, is also one of the most generous with time and knowledge. I had so many questions throughout the project and I found myself going back and asking my old tutors and technicians, or glass friends I’d met through Instagram, for help and advice. Everyone was so excited for me and so eager to help. If they didn’t have the answer, they’d point me to the person who did.

It has been such an amazing experience and, although very difficult at times, I’m so happy to have had it at this early stage in my career.

Left to right: Award founder Valerie Seager, glass artist Bethan Yates, and Chairman of the Board of the English National Opera, Harry Brunjes, at the unveiling of the winning commission, installed in the London Coliseum. Photo: John Snelling.

Main image: The finished installation by Bethan Yates, winner of the Richard Seager award 2020. Photo: John Snelling.

Virtual worlds and lost places

Glass artist Dr Helen Slater Stokes seeks to preserve remembered landscapes and investigate biological and social issues with her contrasting styles of glass art. Linda Banks finds out more about her preoccupation with optical illusions and concepts of space.

What led you to start working with glass?

I was always captivated by glass, in particular looking into and through glass. The notion of capturing perceived spatial depth within glass has always interested me. Ever since I gazed into crystal gardens grown in glass jam jars as a child I have been fascinated by watching these miniature worlds grow behind the distortion and magnification of the glass.

It was these forms or images, behind or within glass, that have always captured my imagination and interest. These surreal, watery worlds held a reference to artefact and capture, through subconscious associations with conservation and preservation. They were also ethereal and dreamlike, appearing otherworldly and poetic. This visual reference to glass as a preservative material, encasing moments, colour, movement, bubbles and imagery, is something I have repeatedly drawn upon within my work.

Crystal garden and cast glass artwork
Helen’s work (right) was inspired by the crystal gardens (left) that fascinated her in childhood.

What glass techniques have you used in your career and why do you have a preference for cast glass today?

During my degree course, at Sunderland University, I produced cast, blown and stained glass works. Then later, when working on public commissions, I designed for architectural-scale, toughened and laminated industrial processes. But kiln forming has always been my preferred method of production. Each stage of complex kiln-forming and glass finishing allows for reflection and evaluation, in addition to the methodical processing of the glass. It is this logical, hands-on and time-based production method that affords me the time to analyse and reassess my work continually.

Helen Slater Stokes grinding glass on flatbed
Helen Slater Stokes in the studio. Each stage of the production process leaves space for contemplation.

Can you tell us something about your methods? Do you draw your designs out or dive straight in with the materials?

I always start with a drawing, whether that’s a sketchbook drawing of a landscape or a 3D abstract minimal work rendered in pencil or pen. Then this is taken into the digital, sometimes by scanning images into Photoshop, in order to work out composition layouts, or, in the case of my new lenticular designs, fabricating the forms in 3D software before digitally composing and interlacing them, with specialist software. This digital stage enables me to quickly experiment with ideas before taking them into the glass. Finally, I can impact the finished work by employing different kiln-forming processes and glass finishing techniques.

Lenticular image design
Lenticular image design.
Asymmetric cone in cast glass
Finished artwork ‘Asymmetric Cone’. Photo: Alick Cotterill.

You have a special interest in optical illusions and concepts of space. How have you translated this in your glass work?

Hopefully that interest is obvious to the viewer, as a continuous thread within my work. Glasses’ optical traits are visual characteristics that intrigue me and, as such, are vehicles I exploit a lot. Use of polished surfaces to magnify, or ground surfaces to create visual levels within the glass, are constants. Then I enjoy adding layers of image or depth within the castings themselves, using glass frit, screen printed imagery, or digital ceramic transfers.

Helen Slater Stokes design drawing
A design drawing featuring landscape and lens.

But I aim to attach other meanings to this notion of the optical. For example, my landscapes speak of remembered places that have changed or been lost over time, now captured within the glass. My abstract, minimal works, meanwhile, address a different kind of ‘space’: a virtual, almost holographic, mental space that create dialogues around biological and social issues.

Detail of Proximity glass artwork
Detail of ‘Proximity’ artwork.

Do you have a favourite piece you have made? Why is it your favourite?

My favourite is usually the last piece I have finished but, looking back, I love ‘Oculus’ and ‘Acuity’. These were my first successful, abstract lenticular glass works, created while researching my PhD. These evidence the culmination of my technical research, as they hold images within that mesh with a glass lenticular lens to facilitate a virtual animated space. Also, Acuity was selected for the British Glass Biennale 2019 and then purchased for the glass collection at The Imagine Museum, in Florida USA. This was  a great accolade for the work, as I had visited The Imagine Museum earlier that year, whilst presenting a paper at the Glass Art Society Conference in St. Petersburg, USA. The museum is amazing and I was blown away to have a piece of my work in its collection.

You are also an educator. How do you balance your time between lecturing and creating your glass sculptures?

I have always taught on a part-time basis, so this is something that I have managed over the years. Currently, I am doing less lecturing and focusing on launching the new work resulting from my PhD research. But I do really enjoy teaching. I love working with students and watching their excitement and enthusiasm when learning new techniques. It inspires me to keep pushing my own work forward and to stay informed about new processes and artworks to bring into the mix.

Most of the time, I am working alone in my workshop and then, sporadically, I am in the buzzing atmosphere of the university working with a throng of enthusiastic students. It’s brilliant. I’m very lucky as it’s great for me to have that mix.

Helen Slater Stokes glass artwork 'Geometric Perspective"
‘Geometric Perspective’ glass artwork. Photo: Ester Segarra.

What is your favourite tool or piece of equipment and why?

That has to be my reciprolap. This is a lapping machine which is 36 inch in diameter. I run it with 600 silicon carbide grit to flatten and grind glass work. I bought it from His Glassworks, USA, about 10 years ago. It saves me hours of back-breaking hand-lapping, and I can use it for really large casts. It’s a real life saver!

Helen Slater Stokes grinding glass on flatbed
Grinding on the flatbed. Having the right tools saves time in the production process. Photo: John Bellars.

What message do you want to covey to your audience through your glass work?

I guess I want the audience to be captivated by the works and to consider the places and spaces depicted within the glass. This hopefully leaves them to consider, depending on the pieces, places that hold a resonance, issues around the loss of our British landscape, overcrowding and current proximity concerns brought about by the pandemic.

Helen Slater Stokes' design drawings
Helen has a particular interest in 3D design, as shown in her planning drawings.

Where do you show and sell your work?

I am represented by a number of galleries, including the Contemporary Applied Arts (London), Artwave West (Dorset), Sarah Wiseman (Oxford), Byard Art (Cambridge), The Biscuit Factory (Newcastle), Torrance (Edinburgh) and Hadfield Fine Art (Gloucestershire).

See my website for more details: https://www.helenslaterglass.com/galleries

Artwork sequence for Breaking Ground glass art
The assembly process for ‘Breaking Ground’ glass artwork. Photo: Sylvain Deleu.

Do you have a career highlight?

My highlight so far is graduating, with a PhD from the Royal College of Art, this year, after over six years of part-time study.

Who or what inspires you?

My father was a constant inspiration to me. He was a fabulous artist and graphic designer, so I was fortunate enough to be supported in my decision to study art and my aim to work as an artist. Then, having discovered glass, I became inspired by glass as a material, with its endless range of possibilities and new innovations. That’s what makes me excited to drive over to my workshop every day to see what has happened in the kiln, or spend hours and hours grinding and polishing a cast.

How has the coronavirus impacted your practice?

I was very lucky. The initial enforced time at home allowed me to reflect and consider new work, as well as preparing for my PhD exam.I worked on lots of ideas digitally and in my sketchbook and, when we were allowed to go out to work, if necessary, I could go over to my workshop. I work alone and have a unit in a block, so it was easy to drive over and simply close the door behind me for the day. Fortunately I had two large commissions on the go to focus on.

Lockdown also allowed me to take time out from what had become a very hectic and pressured schedule of PhD work, gallery pieces and commissions.

Helen Slater Stokes in her studio
Helen Slater Stokes in her studio.

About the artist
Dr Helen Slater Stokes graduated from The Royal College of Art, with a master’s degree in 3D Design: Glass & Ceramics, in 1996. Since then, she has been lecturing and making glass sculpture from her workshop in the Cotswolds.

She completed a part-time PhD by practice, in 2021, at The Royal College of Art, London.

She exhibits internationally and has undertaken public and private commissions.

Find out more via her website: https://www.helenslaterglass.com/

Main feature image: ‘Proximity’ investigates optical illusions and space.

British Glass Biennale 2022 – What will you submit?

The British Glass Biennale is a highlight of the glass calendar and hailed as “the foremost juried exhibition of excellence in contemporary glass” for artists, designers and craftspeople working in the UK and British artists working abroad.

The organisers of the British Glass Biennale will be opening the online submission process in early November 2021, so make a note to look out for the application form when it goes live. Successful applicants will have their work featured at the Biennale in 2022, which is seen as the flagship exhibition of the International Festival of Glass.

The British Glass Biennale is open to artists, designers, craftspeople and students working in all areas of contemporary glass practice or using glass as a key design element. The emphasis is on new work, demonstrating the highest level of excellence in design, creative imagination and technical skill.

The British Glass Biennale and the International Festival of Glass were established to encourage and support glass artists and craftspeople. It is in this sprit that, in recognition of the difficulties for many over the last few years, the submission fee has been significantly reduced, to £10, for all categories.

Applicants must:
Have been living and working in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland for the last two consecutive years;

Or be living, working or studying abroad, but possess a British passport and have previously lived in the UK for a minimum of 15 years;

Or be studying on glass arts course in the UK.

Artists can submit up to three pieces for consideration, each of which must be predominantly made of glass, but can incorporate other materials. The work must have been made since 1 March 2019 and all pieces selected for display must be for sale.

The Jury for the British Glass Biennale 2022:
Michelle Bowen, Director, UK New Artists
Brandi P. Clark, Executive Director, Glass Arts Society
James Devereux, Artist & Director, Devereux & Huskie Glassworks
Wayne Strattman, President, Strattman Design, USA
Bryony Windsor, Relationship Manager (Visual Arts) Midlands, Arts Council England
Matt Durran, Curator.

The British Glass Biennale opens in the historic glassmaking area of Stourbridge, UK, on 26 August 2022 and closes on 1 October 2022. The private view and awards ceremony will be held, by invitation, on Thursday 25 August 2022.

The online submission form will open in early November. Keep an eye on the Biennale website for updates: https://glassbiennale.org

Deadline for entries to the British Glass Biennale: Midnight, Sunday 27 February 2022.

Find out more about the International Festival of Glass 2022 here.

Image: Selected artworks on display at the 2019 British Glass Biennale, held at the International Festival of Glass 2019. Photo: John Plant.